Jiskairumoko is a pre-columbian archaeological site located 54 kilometers (33 miles) south east of Puno, Peru. The site lies at an elevation of 4,115 meters (13,500 feet), in the Aymara community of Jachacachi, adjacent to the Ilave River drainage, of the Lake Titicaca Basin, Peru. Occupation of Jiskairumoko spans from the Late Archaic to the Formative.

Research

The site's name is a combination of three Aymara words jiska meaning small, iru referring to a type of bunch grass, and moko signifying a small hill. Thus, Jiskairumoko means a small hill with bunch grass. The site was first formally recorded by Mark Aldenderfer in 1995 during a pedestrian survey of the Ilave River. The first excavations at the site were conducted in 1995. Jiskairumoko is the first Archaic open air site excavated in the Lake Titicaca Basin. Under the direction of Aldenderfer, a team from University of California, Santa Barbara including Nathan Craig and Nicholas Tripcevich conducted additional excavations at the site during the austral winters of 1999-2004. In-field geographic information system (GIS) methods were used in recording exposed surfaces. The site was plowed by tractor in 2005.

Results and Interpretations

Jiskairumoko plays a significant role in understanding the pre-Columbian history of Andean Peru for several reasons. These include evidence for: early prestige objects, architectural transitions, variation in structure internal organization, ritual preparation embedded in domestic use areas, and the formation of regular trade routes.

Early Prestige Objects

Nine gold beads were found in the grave of an older adult and a juvenile who had been buried adjacent to a Terminal Archaic pit house. Charcoal recovered from the burial dates the gold beads to 2155-1936 cal BC, which makes them the earliest presently known gold artifacts in the Americas. The gold objects, used in a necklace, signified the prestige of its wearer. The burial of the objects with the deceased implies the wealth and prestige of its owner through the disposal and remove from display and recirculation. The find bolsters the concept that metalworking developed from multiple independent technologies that were focused on native materials.

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